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This perspective stands in contrast to the positivist reductionist orientation of scientific psychology.
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The phenomenological lineage can be traced through philosophers Franz Brentano, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. The philosophical orientation of Family Constellations were derived through an integration of existential phenomenology, family systems therapy, and elements of indigenous mysticism. The psychiatrist Iván Böszörményi-Nagy referred to this phenomenon as "invisible loyalties". Hellinger referred to the relation between present and past problems that are not caused by direct personal experience as systemic entanglements, said to occur when unresolved trauma has afflicted a family through an event such as murder, suicide, death of a mother in childbirth, early death of a parent or sibling, war, natural disaster, emigration, or abuse. Practitioners claim that present-day problems and difficulties may be influenced by traumas suffered in previous generations of the family, even if those affected are unaware of the original event. Positive outcomes from the therapy have been attributed to conventional explanations such as suggestion and empathy. The method has been described by physicists as quantum mysticism, and its founder Bert Hellinger incorporated the speculative idea of morphic resonance into his explanation of it. In a single session, a Family Constellation supposedly attempts to reveal an unrecognized dynamic that spans multiple generations in a given family and to resolve the deleterious effects of that dynamic by encouraging the subject, through representatives, to encounter and accept the factual reality of the past.įamily Constellations diverges significantly from conventional forms of cognitive, behaviour and psychodynamic psychotherapy. Family Constellations, also known as Systemic Constellations and Systemic Family Constellations, is a pseudoscientific therapeutic method which draws on elements of family systems therapy, existential phenomenology and Zulu beliefs and attitudes to family.